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You might get unusual errors about Unicode and inability to convert to ASCII. Programs might just crash at random. Those are often simple to fix — all you need is correct locale configuration.
您可能会遇到有关Unicode的异常错误，并且无法转换为ASCII。 程序可能只是随机崩溃。 这些通常很容易修复-您所需要的只是正确的语言环境配置。
Has this ever happened to you?
你曾经发生过这些事情吗？
Traceback (most recent call last):Traceback (most recent call last): File File "aogonek.py", line "aogonek.py" , line 1, in 1 , inprintprint (( uu '' u0105u0105 '' )) UnicodeEncodeError: UnicodeEncodeError : 'ascii' codec can't encode character 'u0105' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)'ascii' codec can't encode character 'u0105' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)
Input: ąInput: ąDesired ascii(): 'u0105'Desired ascii(): 'u0105'Real ascii(): 'udcc4udc85'Real ascii(): 'udcc4udc85'
All those errors have the same root cause: incorrect locale configuration. To fix them all, you need to generate the missing locales and set them.
所有这些错误都有相同的根本原因：不正确的语言环境配置。 要修复它们，您需要生成缺少的语言环境并进行设置。
The locale command (without arguments) should tell you which locales you’re currently using. (The list might be shorter on your end)
语言环境命令（不带参数）应告诉您当前正在使用的语言环境。 （列表可能会短一些）
$ locale$ locale LANGLANG == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_CTYPELC_CTYPE == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_NUMERICLC_NUMERIC == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_TIMELC_TIME == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_COLLATELC_COLLATE == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_MONETARYLC_MONETARY == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGESLC_MESSAGES == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_PAPERLC_PAPER == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_NAMELC_NAME == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_ADDRESSLC_ADDRESS == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_TELEPHONELC_TELEPHONE == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_MEASUREMENTLC_MEASUREMENT == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_IDENTIFICATIONLC_IDENTIFICATION == "en_US.UTF-8""en_US.UTF-8" LC_ALLLC_ALL ==
If any of those is set to C or POSIX, has a different encoding than UTF-8 (sometimes spelled utf8) is empty (with the exception of LC_ALL), or if you see any errors, you need to reconfigure your locale.
如果其中任何一个设置为C或POSIX ，则其编码不同于UTF-8 （有时拼写为utf8 ）为空（ LC_ALL除外），或者如果看到任何错误，则需要重新配置区域设置。
The first thing you need to do is check locale availability. To do this, run locale -a. This will produce a list of all installed locales. You can use grep to get a more reasonable list.
您需要做的第一件事是检查语言环境可用性。 为此，请运行locale -a 。 这将产生所有已安装语言环境的列表。 您可以使用grep获取更合理的列表。
The best locale to use is the one for your language, with the UTF-8 encoding. The locale will be used by some console apps for output. I’m going to use en_US.UTF-8 in this guide.
最好使用的语言环境是使用UTF-8编码的语言。 某些控制台应用程序将使用语言环境进行输出。 我将在本指南中使用en_US.UTF-8 。
If you can’t see any UTF-8 locales, or no appropriate locale setting for your language of choice, you might need to generate those. The required actions depend on your distro/OS.
如果看不到任何UTF-8语言环境，或者没有针对您选择的语言的适当语言环境设置，则可能需要生成这些语言环境。 所需的操作取决于您的发行版/操作系统。
You need a UTF-8 locale to ensure compatibility with software. Avoid the C and POSIX locales (it’s ASCII) and locales with other encodings (those aren’t used by ~anyone these days)
您需要使用UTF-8语言环境来确保与软件的兼容性。 避免使用C和POSIX语言环境（它是ASCII）以及具有其他编码的语言环境（这些天来〜的人都没有使用过）
On some systems, you may be able to configure locale system-wide. Check your system documentation for details. If your system has systemd, run
在某些系统上，您可能可以在系统范围内配置区域设置。 查看系统文档以了解详细信息。 如果您的系统已系统化，请运行
sudo localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8sudo localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
If your environment does not allow system-wide locale configuration (macOS, shared server with generated but unconfigured locales), or if you want to ensure it’s always configured independently of system settings.
如果您的环境不允许进行系统范围的区域设置（macOS，具有已生成但未配置的区域设置的共享服务器），或者要确保始终独立于系统设置进行配置。
To do this, you need to edit the configuration file for your shell. If you’re using bash, it’s .bashrc (or .bash_profile on macOS). For zsh users, .zshrc. Add this line (or equivalent in your shell):
为此，您需要编辑Shell的配置文件。 如果您使用的是bash， 则为.bashrc （或在macOS上为.bash_profile ）。 对于zsh用户，请使用.zshrc 。 添加以下行（或您的shell中的等效行）：
That should be enough. Note that those settings don’t apply to programs not launched through a shell.
那应该足够了。 请注意，这些设置不适用于不是通过外壳启动的程序。
Python/Windows corner: Python 3.7 will fix this on Unix by assuming UTF-8 if it encounters the C locale. On Windows, Python 3.6 is using UTF-8 interactively, but not when using shell redirections to files or pipes.
Python / Windows角落：如果 3.7遇到C语言环境，它将假定UTF-8在Unix上解决此问题。 在Windows上，Python 3.6交互地使用UTF-8，但在使用Shell重定向到文件或管道时不使用。
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